Common test parameters for water quality testing include COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, chromaticity, turbidity, total coliforms, petroleum and animal and vegetable oils, organic compounds and their organic compounds, and trace amounts of harmful chemical elements.
Eight common testing parameters in water quality testing
1. COD: refers to the amount of oxygen required by chemical oxidants to oxidize organic pollutants in water. The higher the chemical oxygen consumption, the more organic pollutants in the water. The organic pollutants in water mainly come from the discharge of domestic sewage or industrial wastewater, and the inflow into the water body after the decay and decomposition of animals and plants.
2. Ammonia nitrogen: Ammonia nitrogen in water mainly comes from the initial pollution of nitrogen-containing organic matter in domestic sewage, such as coking wastewater and synthetic ammonia fertilizer plant wastewater. Under the action of microorganisms, it can be decomposed into nitrite nitrogen, continue to decompose, and finally become nitrate nitrogen , to complete the self-purification process of water. When the nitrite nitrogen in the water is too high, drinking this water will combine with protein to form nitrosamines, which is a strong carcinogen. Long-term drinking is extremely harmful to the body. Ammonia nitrogen is a nutrient in water, which can lead to water eutrophication. It is the main oxygen-consuming pollutant in water and is toxic to fish and some aquatic organisms.
3. Total Phosphorus: Total Phosphorus is the measurement result of converting various forms of phosphorus into orthophosphate after digestion of the water sample, and it is measured in milligrams of phosphorus per liter of water sample. According to GB/T10647 Feed Industry Terminology Total phosphorus (total phosphorus; TP) is the sum of inorganic and organic phosphorus in feed. Total phosphorus is the total content of phosphorus in water, and it is one of the indicators that water is rich in organic matter. Excessive phosphorus content will cause the overgrowth of algae, eutrophication of water bodies, the occurrence of algal blooms or red tides, and disrupt the balance of water bodies.
4. Total nitrogen: The total nitrogen content in water is one of the important indicators to measure water quality. Total nitrogen is defined as the total amount of inorganic and organic nitrogen in various forms in water. Including inorganic nitrogen such as NO3-, NO2- and NH4+ and organic nitrogen such as protein, amino acid and organic amine, calculated in milligrams of nitrogen per liter of water. It is often used to indicate the degree of water pollution by nutrients.
5. Chroma: Chroma is one of the sensory indicators of water. Water was originally a colorless, odorless, tasteless transparent liquid. When there are certain substances in the water (such as some soluble organic substances, some inorganic ions and colored suspended particles, etc.), it may make the water colored. The situation, that is, the water will appear a certain color is the chroma. Generally, the color produced by platinum in the form of chloroplatinate ions at 1 mg/L is called 1 degree.
6. Turbidity: It is an expression of the optical properties of water samples, which is used to express the clarity and turbidity of water. It is one of the most important goals to measure the outstanding degree of water quality. It is also one of the most important goals to evaluate the purification efficiency of water treatment equipment and evaluate water treatment. an important basis for the state of the technology. The decrease in turbidity means that the content of organic matter, bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms in the water body is reduced, which not only improves the disinfection and sterilization effect, but also helps to reduce the generation of halogenated organic matter.
7. Total coliform bacteria: It is a target bacteria of fecal pollution, and the detected situation can indicate whether there is fecal pollution in the water and the degree of pollution. In the process of water purification, after disinfection, if the total coliform index can meet the requirements of drinking water standards, it shows that other pathogenic bacteria are basically killed. The standard is not to exceed 3/L in the test.
8. Petroleum and animal and vegetable oils: Petroleum and animal and vegetable oils are important indicators for my country's environmental departments to evaluate water quality, control water pollution and control sewage discharge from enterprises. The "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards" and many industrial sewage discharge standards stipulate the concentration limits of petroleum and animal and vegetable oils. Petroleum and animal and vegetable oils are the monitoring items required by the environmental quality standards and pollution discharge standards, and are also environmental priorities. Pollutant monitoring projects involved in the work.